It’s the FLDS’s meticulously maintained records that are the foundation of the prosecution’s case against Blackmore and Oler. Because of that, Bennett said, meticulous records must be kept and protected. Marriage is one of three “ordinances” believed to be necessary for salvation along with baptism and confirmation. But they were also advised to support all of the other wives and children.īennett, a professor of church doctrine and record keeping at Brigham Young University, also explained that Mormonism’s founder Joseph Smith set out clear rules for who is able to perform marriages and how those marriages must be recorded. Men with multiple wives were told to choose one and live monogamously or risk excommunication. The first was in 1890 and the second from LDS president Wilfred Woodruff was in 1904 and it instructed that no new plural marriages should be performed. Two revelations are the reasons that Mormon fundamentalists split from the mainstream church. Without it, he said, there would be no Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints because Mormonism has “a doctrine of revelation.” Its adherents believe that God’s word is continually being revealed unlike Christians who believe God’s word is fully contained in the Bible. Mormon scholar Richard Bennett testified this week that the keeping of records is essential. It is enclosed by a gated fence as is the annex next to it where the documents were found in a basement vault behind heavy doors and many locks. The centrepiece of the compound, which once housed 700 FLDS members, is a massive stone temple that resembles the mainstream Mormon’s temple in Salt Lake City. Less than a kilometre from the first gate, there’s another gate and a lookout tower. Unlike Bountiful, which has no gates or fences and is publicly accessible, the entire ranch was surrounded by a high, perimeter fence. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. The ranch was owned by the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, a splinter group from the mainstream church. The records were among 375 boxes of documents seized in 2008 by Texas Rangers from the heavily secured vault next to the temple at the Yearning for Zion ranch. But five marriage records were entered as evidence with the personal church records of Oler and the five women. There are four women on Oler’s indictment for one count of polygamy. According to FLDS doctrine, they must always have a “priesthood head” to direct their temporal and spiritual lives. What that means to Mormon fundamentalists is that when she dies, she will be resurrected and reunited with Blackmore’s father - her first husband and adoptive father - or, perhaps with her second husband, who was Oler’s father.īut what it also shows is that women are deemed so vulnerable to bad influences that they must at all times be under the authority of a man. In the marriage records put into evidence last week, she is distinguished from the rest as having married Blackmore only “for time” and not “for time and all eternity.” Of course, at the time of the marriages, Canada’s age of sexual consent was only 14.īut, more disturbingly, one of the sisters on the list is Blackmore’s own adopted sister, who in this Byzantine world also happens to be his stepmother. The two young women had married Blackmore within a month of each other in 1999 and had been sharing the same home.Īs Blackmore himself has admitted under oath in other court proceedings, nearly half of those brides were under 17. Within six months of Canada legalizing same-sex marriage, two of Blackmore’s wives took out a marriage licence and married each other. There are even two of Winston’s wives who are wife and wife. On three occasions, sisters were married on the same day to the former bishop of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Nearly half of the 24 women listed on Blackmore’s indictment are related to at least one of their sister-wives. Supreme Court trial where 60-year-old Blackmore and James Oler, 53, stand accused of having illegally taken multiple wives. as opposed to the reality TV version - is unfolding in a B.C. The reality of polygamy in Mormon fundamentalist communities like Bountiful, B.C. Activate your Online Access Now Article content If you are a Home delivery print subscriber, unlimited online access is included in your subscription. Manage Print Subscription / Tax Receipt.
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Turning Alan Wake into something of an unlikable jerk easily separates him from other video game protagonists while The Darkness has a few intriguing twists in its favour and while you'll see many of those twists coming, it's still interesting and just compelling enough that you'll want to see the story through to its end. I'm stumped.Īgain, this isn't to say that any of this is inherently bad. It's just that, at the end of the day, it never manifests itself into anything more interesting than the people as well as the occasional inanimate object that it possesses. The antagonist in Alan Wake specifically preys upon artists while using them to enhance their own power often pitting loved ones against them. Like the Hiss in Control, it's an all-consuming entity with powers and abilities that are beyond our comprehension and understanding. Likewise, we have the concept of the entity known as The Darkness. 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You will need to exchange your transponder for a new unit. You should also check your account regularly, online or by phone to review toll transactions. How do I know if my transponder is working?ĭrive through a toll plaza cash lane and the toll collector can verify whether or not your transponder is working. You also should review your account regularly, online, in person or by phone to update information.Īnother way to make sure there are funds in your account is to go through a manual or automatic lane and see if the gate goes up automatically. This light indicates the account status.Ī blue light = successful I-PASS transactionĪ blue and a yellow light = successful transaction, low balance - update your accountĪ yellow light = unsuccessful transaction, no balance - contact the Illinois Tollway When driving through a ramp or mainline toll plaza, I-PASS users can look for the yellow and blue lights at the end of the lane on the left side. How can I tell if my I-PASS transponder is working? While it looks like it might be able to hold 2 AA or AAA batteries, it does not seem to have a usual compartment to open to replace batteries, or for that matter any parts that look like they are intended to be opened by the general public.Īlso, to my knowledge the transponder has not encountered any particularly rough service it has of course been exposed to a usual amount of road vibrations, but I would be quite surprised to find out that transponders aren't made adequately to stand up to road vibrations. I went to replace the batteries in my transponder. Is there a battery or transponder problem? How should I be trying to troubleshoot this? Can I exchange my transponder at a Secretary of State office or other location? My best thought now is to try battery replacement, and if I notice another failure to get a blue light or equivalent, look into replacing the transponder. Incidentally, the website is a good example of the notorious bad usability of government-run websites their form expects you to pinpoint the exact intersection where you have failed to pay a toll I tried and failed to find what they had in the system matching my license plate, and wrote a contact asking for help identifying any tolls not paid. The first time, when things were stuck on "STOP", I went to the website to pay late tolls. My iPass is wedged between the front of the dashboard and the front of the windshield, which should register as being in plain sight to the machines that read them. But I think I've seen at least one case whether neither yellow nor blue light lit. I went through, and subsequent tolls gave me the blue (i.e. I went through one "pay by coin" lane and stayed, with the lights stuck on "STOP" and never changing to "GO", until there were cars building up behind me. Recently I've noticed a couple of apparent failures in using it. I have an iPass which has been on an even keel for ages. It had been a strategy completely new to the history of warfare and one that, in its very symbolism, was symptomatic of that Great War where, in their callousness, leaders might consider human lives as simple corpuscles. In Falkenhayn’s personal phrases, France was thus to be ‘bleed white’. By threatening Verdun with a moderate investment of just 9 divisions, he was expecting to lure the main forces of the French army into the salient, where German heavy artillery would likely smash it to pieces coming from 3 edges. In 1914, Verdun had granted a strong rock for the French line, and without it Joffre possibly not have managed to fight on the Marne and rescue Paris.Ĭoming from his expertise each of the historical background and nature, Falkenhayn estimated that France could be pressured to fight for this semi-sacred citadel to the last soldier. Following 1870 it was subsequently the crucial citadel in the line of fortresses protecting France’s frontier with Germany. During the Seventeenth century Louis XIV’s superb martial expert, Vauban, had created Verdun the strongest citadel in the cordon protecting France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 it turned out the last of the strong French citadels to surrender, outlasting Sedan, Metz, and Strasbourg. Verdun’s background as a fortified camp went back to Roman days, when Attila had thought it was really worth destroying. Verdun, located hazardous at the end of an extended salient, around One hundred thirty air miles south-east of where Joffre planned to strike on the Somme and merely One hundred fifty miles due east of Paris, completed all of Falkenhayn’s specifications. In mid-December Falkenhayn wrote an extended memorandum for Kaiser Wilhelm II by which he suggested that the sole method to realize triumph was to destroy the Allies’ major army, the French, by luring it into the defense of an indefensible location. Potential would certainly not once more look so brilliant for German military as at the end of 1915. The Germans would defeat the Allies to the draw. Nevertheless, on the opposite side of the front, the chief of the German general staff, General Erich von Falkenhayn – an unusual combination of ruthlessness and indecision – got his unique ideas. Nevertheless, following a conference with Joffre on 29th December, he made way for himself to be won over to the Somme plan. Sir Douglas Haig, who had also just taken over command of the BEF in France from General French, might have favored to strike in Flanders (a choice which was to reassert itself with devastating outcomes one year afterwards). There were simply no strategic goals at the rear of this sector of the front Joffre’s main cause for choosing it was his intuition that he might be most guaranteed of complete British contribution if they attack arm in arm with the French soldiers. 40 French and 25 British divisions would be taking part. The key element of this offensive would be a Franco-British ‘push’ astride the river Somme. At that time, the very first time, there would be a good amount of soldiers, heavy artillery, and ammunition. As a result came projects for a synchronized offensive by all the allies the next summer season. His strategy in the ‘race to the sea’ in the West collapsed in the fall of 1914, but he gains 1915 success on the Eastern Front.In December 1915, the brand-new French supreme commander Joffre held an important meeting of the Allied commanders at his Headquarters in Chantilly. War Minister Erich von Falkenhayn was already in September 1914 Moltke’s successor as Chief of Staff. |
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